0ROJECT n &OUR$IGIT -ULTIPLEXED 3EVEN3EGMENT ,%$ #OUNTER 7ITH 4IMER )NTERRUPT
3EQUENCE OF &UNCTION #ALLS 2EADING FROM AN %XIS
#IRCUIT $IAGRAM /PERATION OF THE 0ROJECT
#IRCUIT $IAGRAM /PERATION OF THE 0ROJECT
#IRCUIT $IAGRAM /PERATION OF THE 0ROJECT
#IRCUIT $IAGRAM /PERATION OF THE 0ROJECT
CHAPTER 3Memory Cards3.1 Memory Card Types! MEMORY CARD ALSO CALLED A mASH MEMORY CARD IS A SOLIDSTATE ELECTRONIC DATA STORAGEDEVICE &IRST IN
3ECURITY SYSTEMS s(ANDHELD SCANNERS s-EMORY CARDS ARE BASED ON TWO TECHNOLOGIES ./2 TECHNOLOGY AND .!.$ TECHNOLOGY./2 TECHNOLOGY PROVIDES HIGHSPEED
NOT AVAILABLE 3- CARDS WERE DESIGNED TO OPERATE AT EITHER OR 6 AND A SMALL NOTCHEDCORNER WAS USED TO PROTECT 6 CARDS FROM BEING INSERTED I
3.4 Compact Flash Card#& CARDS WERE lRST DEVELOPED IN BY 3AN$ISK 4HESE ARE THE CARDS OFFERING THE HIGHESTCAPACITIES FROM -" TO
SD Card Projects Using the PIC Microcontroller Dogan Ibrahim!-34%2$!- s "/34/. s (%)$%,"%2' s ,/.$/..%7 9/2+ s /8&/2$ s 0!2)3 s 3!.
3.5 Memory Stick Card4HE -3 CARDS WERE lRST DEVELOPED BY 3ONY IN !LTHOUGH THE ORIGINAL -3 WAS ONLY -" THE LARGEST CAPACITY CURRENTLY A
3.6 Microdrive-ICRODRIVE IS BASICALLY A HARD DISK DESIGNED TO lT INTO A 4YPE )) #& CARD SIZE ENCLOSURE!LTHOUGH THE SIZE OF A MICRODRIVE IS SAME
4YPE - CARDS WERE DEVELOPED IN AND ARE AVAILABLE IN CAPACITIES UP TO '" 4HE READAND WRITE SPEEDS OF THESE CARDS ARE AND -"
THE CARD 4HE DATA TRANSFER SPEED IS APPROXIMATELY n -"S .ORMAL 3$ CARDS OPERATE ATn 6 AND HAVE PINSMINI3$ CARDS WERE lRST RELEASE
3TANDARD 3$ CARDS UP TO '" ARE USUALLY SHIPPED WITH THE &!4 lLE SYSTEM PRELOADED ON THE CARD3.8.2 High-Capacity SD Cards3ECURE
3$(# CARDS HAVE 3PEED #LASS 2ATINGS DElNED BY THE 3$ !SSOCIATION 4HE DElNED CLASSES ARE#LASS DATA TRANSFER RATE -"S s#LASS DATA TRANSFE
3.10 Memory Card Physical Properties4ABLE GIVES A COMPARISON OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMONLY USED MEMORY CARDS!S CAN BE SEEN FROM THE TAB
3.12 Detailed SD Card Structure!S THE TOPIC OF THIS BOOK IS 3$ CARDS THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND THE USE OF THESE CARDS IN 0)#MICROCONTROLLERBASED SY
)N ADDITION PIN MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND PINS AND MUST BECONNECTED TO THE SUPPLY GROUND3.12.2 SD Card Interface"EFORE
Figure 3.13: SD Card in SPI Bus ModeCSD0, D1, CLKCSD0, D1, CLKCSD0, D1, CLKMicrocontrollerSD cardSD cardSD cardVssVddTable 3.5: SD Card Pin Assignment
.EWNES IS AN IMPRINT OF %LSEVIER #ORPORATE $RIVE 3UITE "URLINGTON -! 53!4HE "OULEVARD ,ANGFORD ,ANE +IDLINGTON /XFORD /8
-AXIMUM LOGIC OUTPUT VOLTAGE 6/, 6-INIMUM REQUIRED LOGIC INPUT VOLTAGE 6)( 6-AXIMUM LOGIC INPUT VOLTAGE 6-AXIMUM REQUI
3$ CARDS SUPPORT hHOTv INSERTION OF THE CARD IE THE CARD CAN BE INSERTED INTO THE CIRCUITWITHOUT POWERING DOWN THE HOST 4HIS IS USUALLY ACHIEVED
3.13.1 OCR Register4HE /#2 REGISTER IS BITS WIDE AND IT DESCRIBES THE OPERATING VOLTAGE RANGE AND STATUS BITSIN THE POWER SUPPLY 4ABLE SHOWS
Table 3.8: OCR Register Bit DefinitionsOCR Bit Card Voltage Initial Value31 Card busy bit“0” busy, “1” ready30–24 Reserved All “0”s23 3.6–3.5 122 3
s PRV: "ITS n ARE THE 0RODUCT 2EVISION OF THE CARD s PNM: "ITS n ARE THE !3#))CHARACTER 0RODUCT #ODE FOR EXAMPLE3$ IS
Table 3.10: CSD Register Bit DefinitionsField Description Width Bits *Value CodeCSD_STRUCTURE CSD structure 2 127–126 1.0 00b— 6 125–120 — 000000bTAAC
s TAAC: "ITS n DElNE THE ASYNCHRONOUS PART OF THE READ ACCESS TIME OF THE CARD4HE BITS ARE DECODED AS FOLLOWSTAAC bit Coden 4IME UNIT
… … #LASS s READ_BL_LEN: "ITS n DElNE THE MAXIMUM READ DATA BLOCK LENGTH WHICH ISEQUAL TO 2%!$?",?,%. 4HE DATA BLOCK LENGTH IS
s C_SIZE_MULT: "ITS n ARE USED TO COMPUTE THE USERS DATA CARD CAPACITY MULTIPLYFACTORC_SIZE_MULT MULT 3
s WRITE_BL_PARTIAL: "IT DElNES WHETHER PARTIAL BLOCK WRITE IS AVAILABLEWRITE_BL_PARTIAL Write data size /NLY 72)4%?",?,%. SIZE OF
ContentsPreface ...xixAbout the Web Site ...
3.13.6 SCR Register4HIS BIT REGISTER PROVIDES INFORMATION ON THE 3$ CARDS SPECIAL FEATURES SUCH AS THE STRUCTUREVERSION NUMBER THE PHYSICAL LAYE
orCard Capacity (in bytes) (C_SIZE 1) s 2 (C_SIZE_MULT + 2) s 2READ_BL_LEN.The capacity is usually shown in MB andCard Capacity (Megabyte) (C_SI
4HERE ARE A LARGE NUMBER OF COMMANDS AVAILABLE IN 30) MODE FOR READING THE CARD REGISTERS READING AND WRITING SINGLE AND MULTIPLE BLOCKS OF DATA ER
R2 Format: 4HIS RESPONSE TOKEN IS BYTES LONG AND IS SENT AS A RESPONSE TO COMMAND3%.$?34!453R3 Format: 4HIS RESPONSE TOKEN IS BYTES LONG AND IS S
4HIS BLOCK IS IDENTIlED BY DATA hv IE &%H"YTES n 53%2 $!4! s,AST BYTES BYTE AND BYTE #2# s3.17 Card Reset Sta
3.19 Exercises %XPLAIN THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STANDARD 3$ CARDS AND THE NEW 3$(# CARDS7HICH CARD WOULD YOU CHOOSE IN A LONG VIDEO RECORDI
#ONTROLLER !REA .ETWORK )NTERFACE %THERNET )NTERFACE
4HE #LOCK 3OURCES 7ATCHDOG 4IMER
Chapter 4: Programming with the MPLAB C18 Compiler ...137 # 0ROGRAMMING ,ANGUAGES FOR 0)# -ICROCONTROLLERS
-ATH ,IBRARY &UNCTIONS ,#$ &UNCTIONS
)&4(%.%,3%%.$)& $/%.$$/
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